Iji mee nke ọma na imepụta na imepụta ngwaahịa plastik, anyị ga-aghọta ụdị na ojiji nke plastik.
Plastic bụ ụdị nnukwu ngwakọta ngwongwo (macrolecules) nke polymerized site na mgbakwunye polymerization ma ọ bụ mmeghachi omume polycondensation na monomer dị ka akụrụngwa. E nwere ọtụtụ ụdị plastik nwere ihe dị iche iche, mana ọ dị mfe ịdị mfe, ịdị mfe iji mepụta, dị mfe inweta akụrụngwa na ọnụ ala dị ala, ọkachasị nguzogide corrosion magburu onwe ya, mkpuchi na nchekwa okpomọkụ, mmetụta ndị na-eguzogide mmetụta juru ebe niile. eji ya na ulo oru na ndu mmadu.
Njirimara Plastics:
(1) Ihe ndị bụ isi nke plastik bụ polymer matrix akpọ resin.
(2) Plastic nwere ezigbo mkpuchi maka ọkụ eletrik, ọkụ na ụda: mkpuchi ọkụ eletrik, arc resistance, nchekwa ọkụ, mkpuchi mkpuchi, ụda mkpuchi, mmetụ vibration, arụmọrụ mkpọtụ mkpọtụ dị mma.
(3), ezi nhazi, site na ịkpụzi ọgwụ, nwere ike ịbụ ngwaahịa nwere ọdịdị dị mgbagwoju anya, ogo siri ike yana ezigbo mma n'ime obere oge.
(4) Ihe akụrụngwa: ọ bụ ụdị ihe eji emepụta resin (polymer) nke polymer dị ka isi ihe, na-abanye n'ime ihe enyemaka dị iche iche ma ọ bụ ụfọdụ mgbakwunye na iji ya eme ihe, na-enwe plasticity na fluidity n'okpuru okpomọkụ na nrụgide akọwapụtara, nke nwere ike ịbụ kpụrụ n'ime otu ọdịdị ma mee ka ọdịdị ahụ ghara ịgbanwe agbanwe n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ ..
Plastics nhazi ọkwa
Dabere na ngwongwo nke ihe resin sịntetik, ihe eji emepụta plastik na-agụnye plastik thermoplastic na thermosetting: maka plastik thermoplastic, ihe plastik ndị ka bụ plastik mgbe kpo oku ugboro ugboro bụ tumadi PE / PP / PVC / PS / ABS / PMMA / POM / PC / PA na ihe ndị ọzọ a na-ahụkarị. Thermosetting plastic na-ezo aka na plastik nke kpo oku na-eme ka resin sịntetik resin, dị ka ụfọdụ phenolic plastic na amino plastic. Polymer nwere ọtụtụ ihe na obere ihe dị mfe (monomer) site na njikọkọ nkekọ.
1. Nhazi dịka njirimara nke resin n'oge kpo oku na obi jụrụ
(1) plastik Thermoset: mgbe kpo oku, a ga-ejikọta ngwongwo molecule n'ime ụdị ntanetị. Ozugbo agwakọtara ya na polymer netwọk,
ọ gaghị adị nro ọbụna mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, na-egosi ihe a na-akpọ [mgbanwe a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha], nke na-akpata ngbanwe nke usoro mkpụrụ ndụ (mgbanwe kemịkal).
(2), thermoplastics: na-ezo aka na plastik ga-agbaze mgbe kpo oku, na-asọba na ebu maka ịjụ oyi na ịmalite, wee gbazee mgbe kpo oku. Enwere ike ịme ka ọ dị ọkụ ma mee ka ọ dị mma iji mepụta [mgbanwe mgbanwe] (mmiri mmiri → → siri ike), nke a na-akpọ mgbanwe anụ ahụ.
A. General plastic: ABS, PVC.PS.PE
B. General plastic plastics: PA.PC, PBT, POM, PET
C. Super engineering plastik: PPS. LCP
Dabere na ngwa a, enwere nnukwu plastik dịka PE / PP / PVC / PS na plastik injinịa dịka ABS / POM / PC / PA. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, e nwere ụfọdụ plastik pụrụ iche, dị ka nnukwu okpomọkụ na iru mmiri iru mmiri, nkwụsị corrosion na plastik ndị ọzọ gbanwere maka ebumnuche pụrụ iche.
2. Nkesa site na iji plastik
(1) General plastic bụ ụdị ọtụtụ ebe e ji plastic. Mmepụta ya buru ibu, na-echekwa ihe dịka ụzọ atọ n'ụzọ anọ nke ngụkọta plastik niile, ọnụ ahịa ya dịkwa obere. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe dị mkpa kwa ụbọchị na obere nsogbu, dị ka shei TV, shei ekwentị, bezin rọba, gbọmgbọm rọba, wdg. Ọ nwere mmekọrịta chiri anya na ndị mmadụ wee bụrụ ogidi dị mkpa nke ụlọ ọrụ plastik. A na-ejikarị plastik izugbe bụ Pee, PVC, PS, PP, PF, UF, MF, wdg.
(2) Injiniki plastik Ọ bụ ezie na ọnụahịa nke plastik izugbe dị ala, akụrụngwa ya, nrụgide okpomọkụ na nkwụsị corrosion siri ike iji gboo mkpa nke ihe eji arụ ọrụ na ụfọdụ injinia na akụrụngwa. Ya mere, e bidoro plastik injinia. Ọ nwere ike dị elu na ike, nwere ike dochie ụfọdụ nchara ma ọ bụ ihe ndị na-enweghị ike, ma nwee ike imepụta akụkụ igwe ma ọ bụ akụkụ nrụgide injinia nwere usoro dị mgbagwoju anya, ọtụtụ n'ime ha dị irè karịa nke mbụ Ndị plastik na-ahụkarị bụ PA, ABS, PSF, PTFE, POM na PC.
(3) A pụrụ iji ngwa ngwa plastik pụrụ iche, nke nwere ọrụ pụrụ iche, n’oge ụfọdụ pụrụ iche, dịka plastik magnetik, plastik ionomer, plastik pearlescent, plastik pensụlị, plastik ọgwụ, wdg.
Ngwa nke ụdị plastik 10 resins:
1. General plastik
(1) .PP (polypropylene): na combustion nwere isi nke mmanụ ala, ire ọkụ ndabere agba bụ-acha anụnụ anụnụ; mmiri na-ese n'elu mmiri.
Homopolymer eyi: translucent, flammable, waya ịbịaru, eletriki ngwa, osisi, ngwaahịa kwa ụbọchị.
Copolymerized PP: agba okike, ọkụ ọkụ, ngwa eletriki, ngwa ngwa ụlọ, ngwa.
Random copolymerization eyi: ukwuu uzo, flammable, ọgwụ na ahụ ike na ngwaọrụ, nri akpa, nkwakọ ngwaahịa
(2) .ABS (polystyrene butadiene propylene copolymer): nchapu nke di elu, anwuru oku, uto aromatic; mikpuo mmiri
ABS akụrụngwa: akwa ike na ike, na-enwu ọkụ; shei eletriki, efere, ngwaọrụ, akụrụngwa
ABS mgbanwe: ịbawanye ike na ire ọkụ, anaghị ere ọkụ; akpaaka akụkụ, eletriki akụkụ
(3) .PVC (polyvinyl chloride): isi nke chlorine na-ere ọkụ, akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na ala nke ire ọkụ; mikpuo mmiri
PVC siri ike: ike dị elu na ịdị ike, ọkụ ọkụ; ihe owuwu ụlọ, ọkpọkọ
PVC dị nro: na-agbanwe agbanwe ma dị mfe nhazi, siri ike ọkụ; ihe eji egwuri egwu, nka, ihe ịchọ mma
2. Injinia plastik
(1) .PC (polycarbonate): odo ire ọkụ, nwa anwụrụ ọkụ, pụrụ iche uto, submerged mmiri; isiike, elu nghọta, ire ọkụ-retardant; dijitalụ dijitalụ, CD, na-eduzi, ihe dị mkpa kwa ụbọchị
(2) .PC / ABS (alloy): pụrụ iche isi, odo nwa anwụrụ ọkụ, submerged mmiri; isiike ike, na-acha ọcha, ire ọkụ-retardant; akụrụngwa eletriki, akụrụngwa akụrụngwa, akụrụngwa nkwukọrịta
(3) .PA (polyamide PA6, PA66): ọdịdị nwayọ, anwụrụ ọkụ na-acha odo odo, isi ntutu; ike, ike dị elu, ire ọkụ; akụrụngwa, akụkụ igwe, akụkụ eletriki
(4) .POM (polyformaldehyde): ọkụ na-acha odo odo, isi njedebe na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, isi formaldehyde; isi ike, ike dị elu, na-enwu ọkụ; gia, n'ibu akụkụ
(5) .PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate); pụrụ iche pungent uto: ìhè ọkụ transmittance; plexiglass, handicrafts, ihe ịchọ mma, nkwakọ ngwaahịa, ihe nkiri nnabata
3. Elastomer plastic
(1) .TPU (polyurethane): uto pụrụ iche; ezigbo mgbanwe, ike na iyi mgbochi, ọkụ; akụkụ igwe, akụkụ elektrọnik
(2) .TPE: isi pụrụ iche, ọkụ na-acha odo odo; SEBS gbanwere, ike nke anụ ahụ na-agbanwe agbanwe, ezigbo ihe onwunwe kemịkalụ, na-enwu ọkụ; ihe eji egwuri egwu, ogwe ogwu nke abuo, akpa aka, eriri, akukuaka, akụrụngwa egwuregwu.
E nwere ihe anọ dị iche iche nke plastic ịkpụzi technology: injection ịkpụzi, extrusion ịkpụzi, calendering ịkpụzi na ịkpụzi. Ọgwụ na ịkpụzi bụ isi usoro iji nweta mgbagwoju Ọdịdị na nkenke size plastic akụkụ. Ọgwụ mmepụta kwesịrị ịdabere na atọ ọcha nke ọgwụ ebu, injection igwe na plastic ngwaọrụ mezue usoro.Mestech na-elekwasị anya na ịkpụzi nkedo na-akpụzi plastik na akụkụ plastik na-akpụzi maka ihe karịrị afọ 10, ma nwee akụ na ụba na ahụmịhe. Anyị raara onwe anyị nye gị ịkpụzi ebu na akụkụ plastik na-akpụzi ọrụ, biko kpọtụrụ anyị.
Post oge: Ọkt-16-2020